Different from the knives we are familiar with, cutting tools are tools used in the mechanical industry to process metal or non-metal. Cutting tools refer to processing tools used to remove excess material of the processed parts in the mechanical manufacturing process to obtain the predetermined shape, dimensional accuracy, and surface quality requirements.
1. Tools classification
2. Cutting forms
3. Tool structure
4. Basic requirements for tool materials/performance that tools should have
(1) High hardness and wear resistance
(2) High strength and toughness
(3) Excellent thermal conductivity and heat resistance (red hardness)
(4) Good processability and economy
5. Tools (Distinguish by material)
(1) HSS tools
-HSS-High Speed Steel. It is a high alloy tool steel with more alloy elements added.
-In complex tools, especially in the manufacture of hole processing tools, milling cutters, threading tools, broaches and gear cutting tools and other complex blade tools, high-speed steel still occupies a major position.
(2) Carbide tools
-Cemented carbide can be divided into tungsten carbide-based carbide and titanium carbide (TiC (N))-based carbide.
-ISO (International Organization for Standardization) divides cutting cemented carbide into three categories:
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K category, including Kl0~K40
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P category, including P01~P50
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M category, including M10~M40
(3) HSS tools VS Carbide tools
-Cemented carbide is harder, more wear-resistant and heat-resistant.
-High-speed steel has higher strength, good toughness and strong processability.
(4) Ceramic tools
Ceramic tools can be used for high-speed cutting, difficult-to-machine materials, dry cutting and hard cutting.
(5) Coated tools
-Coated tools are prepared by coating a thin layer of refractory metal or non-metallic compound with good wear resistance on the surface of cemented carbide or high-speed steel (HSS) substrate with good strength and toughness by vapor deposition method.
-(It can also be coated on superhard material inserts such as ceramics, diamond and cubic boron nitride).
-The coated tool has greatly improved in terms of finish, hardness, corrosion resistance and wear resistance.
(6) CBN inserts
(7) Characteristics of the four structures of CBN inserts
- CBN tools performance:
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High thermal stability- high speed dry cutting
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Chemically inertness, no chemical reaction with iron at high temperature
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Processing high hardness materials
(8) Diamond tools
Diamond tools have the advantages of extremely high hardness and wear resistance, low friction coefficient, high elastic modulus, high thermal conductivity, low thermal expansion coefficient, and low affinity with non-ferrous metals.
6. Application
(1) Three cutting elements:
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Cutting depth: ap
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Feed speed: f
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Cutting speed: vc
(2) Table of workpiece materials processed by each tool
(3) Single crystal diamond tool application
(4) PCD tools application
(5) CBN tools application
